Water wall



Sept- 2v7f1932 w. c. DRAk- 1,880,187

. WATER .WALL A 2 Sheets-Sheet l Fly 1.

Filed March 31.- 1926 I o i i z5 l 0 [Nl/ENTOR @cuz/UN., Q. 8(

A TTORNEYS..

Sept. 27, 1932. w- Q BRAKE 1,880,187

WATER WALL Filed March 51, 192e 2 sheets-Sneep INVENTOR A -TTORNE YS.

Patented Sept. 27, "1932- UNITED STATI-:s PAraNfr` oir-Fica WARREN C. DRAIKE, OF INWOOD, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOB '.lO ERNEST B. PRIBE .AND

HARRY BUCHERT, BOTH F NEW YORK, N. Y.

WATER WALL- Appii'cation sled March 31,' 192s. serial nu. 98,846.

This invention is a novel water wall, that is to(say, a construction for the walls of the combustion chamber of a furnace, for eXample pertaining to a water tube boiler, in which construction the boiler 'water is circulated through the wall to increase the evaporation and prevent overheating 'of the wall; referi object of the present invention is to afford a construction of water *wall which will be effective in use and avoid the defects of prior known water walls. .A particular object of the invention is to aiford a water wall struc-v ture which is self contained, the various ele- O ments being so inter onnected as to be self supporting and requiring no exterior bracing or supporting means. A further object is to aford a water wall which will be light in weight, simple and inexpensive in structure and easy to assemble, yet strong and durable in use. Further objects are to give quick heat transfer to the water tubes or wall passages without direct exposure thereof to the radiant heat, to render the wall tubes durable. by suitable protection, and to present to the combustion chamber a substantially flat or uninterrupted wall surface', without substantial depressions or projections. Other objects and advantages will be pointed out in theA description following or will be apparent to those skilled yin the subject. v

To the attainment of the objects and ad vantages referred to the present invention consists in the novel water-wall and the novel features of construction, arrangement, combination and detail herein illustrated or described.

In the drawings Fig. 1 is an interior face. 5 view of a water wall embodying the Apresent 5o broken line 2-2 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section'taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a perspective viewgfrom the exterior showing in different parts of the figures various stages in the buildingvup ofthe Wall structure.` l

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and'8 are perspective views of the successive wall elements from the interior to the exterior. l

Fig. 9 is a perspective vkiew of one of the clamping or locking irons 'or members byv which the'assemblage is permanently secured in position.

Fig. 10 isan interior elevation view of one of the clamp members. l

The water tubes 11 may be substantially vertical, or with an upward and downward trend. They are Shown spaced slightly apart and all connected in a usual manner with a lower header 12 and there may be a similar 'upper header; Locking projections, couplings, brackets or hooks 13 are provided at the outer sides or surfaces ofthe tube 11, or

on certain of the tubes; for example alter nate tubes are shown as provided with such hooked proj ections,'each of such tubes having a vertical series thereof to receive the locking irons or clamp members to be described; but the arrangement may be varied. Preferably the hooks 13 are welded upon the tubes so as to givestrength and permanence.

` The water wall as a Whole consists of the water tubes 11, which are'usually in circulation with the boiler, and the further elements to be described arranged to close the spaces between the tubes so as to present a solidwall facing the combustion chamber. The innermost wall members are heat conductive blocks or elements 14 shaped to give a flat face pre sented to the flames and with flanged or curved sides snugly engaging and enclosing the water tubes, the concave curve preferably conforming to the tubeA at each side. Complementary to the blocks 14 are blocks or elements 15, located directly at the outer side of 14 and`15 are complementary and mutually enclose the tubes., The flanges of the inner engaging 1n recesses or slots 17 formed in the blocks 15. For this the 'illustrated down- Wardl bent hook is suitable.

Eac of the blocks 15 it will be noticed is exteriorly vertically recessedor channelled at 18, so as to allow a space in which can be accommodated the extremities of the locking hooks 16.

Each ofthe inner blocks may be of half thevertical dimension of `each of thel outer blocks as shown so that two of the inner blocks may be engaged with each one ofthe outer blocks by means of two separate slots in the latter.

The wall structure thus far described has advantages in itself irrespective of the mem-v bers yet to be described Gravity holds the several blocks down upon the lower header and the blocks are properly alined and interloclred so as to surround and protect the tubes. The blocks 14 and preferably also the blocks -15 are constructed of good heat conducting material which is also refractory to resist destruction. A suitable material is silicon carbide, although cast iron or other'v conductive refractory will sometimes do equally y well. By this feature theheat received at the wall is quickly transmitted to the tubes and serves to heat and evaporate the water circulating in the tubes, thusY increasing the evaporation of lthe boiler, while 'the circulation carries olf the-heat and prevents overheating of the w'all. It may sometimes be sufficient to provide the inner blocks 14 sur-r rounding only the lower part of the combussheets 20, which may be compose tion chamber, and in Fig. 1 an arrangement is shown whereby the upper part of the combustion chamber is surrounded directly by.,a

wall structure lcomprising the water tubes 11 and the heat conducting exterior blocks 15 between the tubes, held in place by the welded coupling 13, these outer blocks 15 in this case pre era l ybeing formed without the holes or slots.17 referredfto. i

Next outside the described elements are shown rectan ular slabs or tiles 1 9'composed preferably o ordinary refractory material.

-These are of such lateral dimension as to extend substantially from one vertical series of hooks to the next series, and thus, as shown each tile 19 will exteriorly cover two of the blocksV 15. Directly outside the tiles are preferably a series of insulating la or suitable heat insulating material, such vas asbestos, or silocel.

0.5 The structure is completed by the clamping of any whlch are welded 'at the outer sides of the water tubes. Each clamp member'21 is Ashown as having a generally vertical body portio11-22, 'and this covers the vertical space existing between the several series of wally elements 15, 19 and 2 Lateral luUs or wings 23 stand out at both sldes from the body of the clamp member, and these overlie the outer wall elements so as to hold them snugly and firmly in place. Each clamp member is also provided with one or more pairs of inwardly extendin lugs 24 spaced slightly apart so as to stradd e the tube hooks 13. A cross piece or coupling pin 25`is shown extending between the lugsf24 and. arrangedv vto engage or drop into the recess of the tube hook |13, which has a slanted wall, acting to wedge the parts in place. It will be understood that y the clam members are thrust into place slightly a ove their normal level, and-drawn` downwardly until the cross pins 25 firmly engage the hooks 13. When all the wall elements have been assembled in the manner indicated and described, and the several locking or clamping members have been positioned the lwall is completed Aand read for .u se. It will be observed that any desire part of the wall can quicklybe disassembled for access, repair yor other purpose, from the face side without dismantling the outer wall portion, an additional advantage of the described structure; and the elements most exposed to.

deteriora-tion are in smaller units, so as to be replaceableat'mlmmum e nse.

The hooks 13 on the tu s andthe parts 24 and 25 on the clamp plates maybe considered as com lementary couplings, extending between t e refractory wall elements. The couplin 13 in effect is a hook opening u wardly, w ile'the pin 25 is a hook engagea le therewith the side lugs 24 acting as guards, straddling the tube hook, and pre'- `venting lateral disengagement. i The term'- eoupling is intended'to include any-form of "engaging device welded or projecting from the rear or outer sidesof the tubes and adapted to receive or engage a complementary coupling or engaging member which holds, confines or presses the wall elements in place. For example the iron blocks' 15 are held pressed inwardly' against the exterior of the tubes by the coupllng' or engaging members 13 .and 22 the former welded on the tubes and the latter engagin them and giving inward pressure on the b ocks for intimate contact with the tubes.

The illustrated water cooled wall may be considered as any structure boundin a furnace chamber, and it is not intende in the use of the word wall to restrict the invention A and coupled with a tube coupling.r

to a side wall as it may be applied to a bottom-wall or floor, or any other surface of the ,other couplings upon their outer sides, and

with high heat conductive inner wall por tions, namely the blocks 14, facing the chamber and substantially Aclosing the spaces between the tubes and adapted to absorb and transfer heat rapidly to the tubes and water therein; together with outer wall elements exterior to such inner wall4 portions, and exterior securing means, represented by the membersu22, adapted to hold the outer wall elements in place and comprising couplings engaging the couplings on the tubes. The outer wall elements preferably comprise insulating material, represented by the layer 20, and rigid wall elements, represented by the layer 19, these, or the outer one of them, constituting a furnace shell or outer casing and ,being secured and locked in place by the securing means 22.

It will thus be seen that there has been described a water wall, or wall construction for a furnace combustion chamber embodying the principles and attaining the objects of the present invention. Since many matters of combination, arrangement, design, operation and detail may be variously modified without departing from the principles of the invention, it is not intended to limit the invention to such matters except so far as .set forth in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A water wall comprising a series of water tubes having a series of couplings projecting from their outer sides, refractory wall elements closing the spaces between tubes, and exterior clamping members engaging such couplings and confining said wall elements in place, each consisting of a'longitudinal body with side wings overlapping the wall elements and an inwardly projecting coupling extending between the wall elements 2. A water wall comprising a series of water tubes having a series of couplings projecting from their outer sides, refractory wall elements closing the spaces between tubes, and exterior clamping members engaging and supported by such couplings and confining said wall elements in place; the tube coupling consisting of a hook opening upwardly,l and the clamp having` a pin or hook i engageable in-said tube hook.

3. A water wall comprising a. series -of water tubes having.,a series ofcouplings pro-I jecting from their outer sides, refractory Mall elements closing the spaces between tubes, and exterior clamping members engaging and supported by such couplings'and confining said wall elements in place; the tube -coupling consisting of a hook opening upwardly,

and the clamp having a pin or hook engageable in said tube hook and side guards straddling the tube hook.

4. A water wall comprising a series of water tubes having a series of couplings projecting from their `outer sides, refractory Wall elements closing the spaces between tubes, and exterior clamping members engaging and supported by such couplings and confining said wall elements in place; each tube coupling consisting of a hook opening upwardly, and each clamp having a pin or hook engageable in such tube hook, the tube hook having a slanted engaging face acting to wedge the clamp member inwardly. I

5. A Water cooled bounding structure or Wall for a furnace chamber comprising spaced apart water circulation tubes, with high heat conductive inner wall portions facing the chamber and substantially closing the spaces between the tubes and adapted to transfer heat rapidly to the tubes and water therein, said tubes having couplings upon a systemy of flanged, heat-conductive blocks A held in contacting relation to the inner sides of said tubes and closing the spaces between y the same, such blocks being concavely shaped to fit and intimately contact the tubes for maximum transmission of heat thereto, couplings on the outer sides of tubes, outer wallclosing elements, and means for confining such outer elements comprising couplings engaging with said tube couplings.

.8. A closed water-cooled bounding structure or wall for a furnace chamber comprising spaced apart water tubes exposed to the fire and having lcoupling extensions welded upon their outer sides and projecting outwardly for engagement with wall securing means, outer wall closing elements, including high "heat conductive blocks contacting with thermal fit the outer sides of the tubes, and wall securing means havin couplings engaging with the welded coup ing extensions on the tubes for holding said outer wall-closing elements in place.

9.- A closed water-cooled bounding struc- .ture or wall for a, furnace chamber compris- 'ing spaced apart water tubes exposed to the ill outer sides of the tubes and exposed to the fire between the tubes, and wall securing means including couplin s engaging with the coupling extensions on t e tubes for holdlng said outer wall-closing elements and confining them under pressure against the tubes.

10. A water cooled wall for a furnace chamber comprising spaced apart water circulation tubes, forming substantially upright spaces between each two tubes, and with a lbase member or header below, and in each such tube space va-superposedsystem of complementary blocks composed of high heat conductive material and supported by the base member and formed with projections and recesses for'mutually interlocking them, the complementary blocks spanning the tube space and contacting the tubeJ circumferences at the face sides substantially to the tube cenl ter lines, and at the rear sides sufficiently '3, blocks spanning and closing the'spaces between the tubes and shaped and mounted for i intimate contact with the tubes, whereby to absorb` radiant heat passing between the tubes and transmit it to the tubes and the medium circulating therein; and means for confining the blocks against the outer sides of the tubes comprising couplings projecting upon the outer sides ofthe-tubes, with means for applying pressure upon the blocks comprising couplings engaging said tube couplings.

12. A water cooled furnace wall comprising spaced circulation tubes having their inner sides exposed to the fire, a system ,of iron wall blocks at the outer sides of the tubes v'shaped for heat conducting contact with the tubes and closing the spaces between the tubes and exposed to the fire between the tubes, couplings projecting upon theV outer sides ofthe tubes, and means for effecting inward pressure upon the wall closing blocks to confine them intimately to the tubes, comprising couplings engaging said first named couplings.

13. A water cooled wall for a, furnace chamber comprising spaced apart .water circulation tubes, forming substantially upright spaces between each two tubes, and with abase member .or header below, and in each such tube space a superposed series of complementary blocks composed of high lheat conductive refractory material and supported by the base member and such blocks formed with mutually interlocking portions,

' the complementary blocks spanning each tube space and contacting the tube circum- Ato the tubes but may be extracted for replacement by lifting out of such relation by access from the face side only without disturbing the outer wall portion.

14. A water cooled furnace wall structure -comprising spaced upright water tubes, an inner wall face portion protecting the tubesv and an outer lwall portion; the outer wall portion closing the wall and having means holding it to the tubes; the face portion built up of series of superposed high heat conductive blocks closing the'spaces between the tubes and having means locking them to the tubes accessible from the face of the wall, whereby .damaged face blocks may begremoved and replaced from the wall face without dismantling the outer wall portion.

. `15. A water cooled furnace wall structure comprising spaced upright water tubes having outward coupling extensions, an inner wall face portion protecting the tubes, and

an outer wall portion; the outer wall portion closing the wall and having means holding it to the coupling, extensionsof the tubes;

the face portion built up of series of super-- posed; high heat conductive blocks closing the spaces between the tubes and having means locking them by gravity to the tubes accessible from the face of the wall, whereby damaged face blocks may be lifted out and replaced from the wall' face without dismantling the outer wall portion.

16. A closed water cooled furnace bounding structure or wall comprising a system of spaced apart water tubes havin their inner sides directly exposed to the urnace heat, and at the outer sides of the tubes a system of-highly refractory heat conducting wall blocks spanning and closingthe spaces between the tubes and shaped and mounted las4 for intimate contact with the tubes, whereby to absorb radiant heat passing between the tubes and transmit it tothe tubes and the medium circulating therein; and means carried by the systemYof tubes for applying pressure lto confine the blocks against the outer sides of the tubes.

17. A watergcoolled wall bounding a furnace combustion chamber, and comprising the combinationl of diilerentially operating upper and lower wall areas, with a system of parallel water tubes traversing both the upper and lower areas of the wall, and a system of high heat conductive wall blocks covering and protecting the face sides of the tubes at the lower area. of the wall and exposed to the hotter heat of the fire in the lower part of the chamber, to absorb such he'at and conduct it to thetubes and the mediumcirculating therein, and the upper wall area having the tubes exposed. directly to the less hot heat of the lire at the upper part ofthe chamber, with a system of high heat conductive wall blocks carried by thev the 'combination of differential up er and lower wall areas, with asystem o spaced water tubes traversing both th'e upper and lower areas of the wall, a high heat con, ductive covering protecting the face sides of the tubes at the lower area of the wall and exposed to the hotter heat of the fire in .the 'lower part of the chamber, to absorb such heat and transmitit 'to the tubes and water therein, and the upper wallarea having the the lire at the upper part of the chamber, with a system of high heat conductive wall blocks having thermal contact :with the `outer sides of the tubes in theA upper wall area and closing the spacesbetween thetubes, to absorb heat passing between tubes and transmit it to the tubes, and means upon `theouter sides of the tubes for giving support to said outer blocks, and holding them to the tubes. Y 19. A water cooled wall consisting of upper and lower wall areas bounding a furnace combustion chamber, and com rising the spacedJ water tubes traversing both Vthe of metallic members covering and \protecting the face sides of the tubesat the lower .area of the wall in the lower part of the chamber, to receive .the hottest heat of the fire and conduct it to thetubes, the upper. wall area' having the tubes exposed directly tothe redlfced heat at the upper'part of the chamber, and with a s stem`of metallic members in the upper wa l area carried by the tube s stem and .closing the s laces Abetween the tu s and arranged to receive heat and conduct it to the water. i

20. A water cooled wall consisting of upper and lowerwall areas bounding a furnace combustion chamber, and comprising spaced water tubes traversing both the upper and lower areas of the wall, a system of high heat conductive'members covering and pro- `tectingthe face sides of the `tubes at they lower'area of the wall in the lower part of the chamber, to `receive the hottest heat of the fire and conduct it to the tubes, the upper 'l wall area having the tubesexposed directly to the reduced heat at the upper part of the chamber, and with a` system of high heat conductive members in the upper wall area nace combustion chamber, 4and comprising tubes exposed directly to the less hot heat ofupper and lower areas of the wall, a system carried by theA tube system and closing the spaces between thel tubesj and arranged to receive heat and conduct it to the water in the tubes; the system ot high heat conductive wall members in the lower wall area. comprising separate blocks exposed to the heat vof the fire, such blocks being shapedV to as' sume gravity locking relation to 'the tubes and combined,with means for supporting'v them in such locking relation, whereby such blocks may be extracted by lifting and removalv at the face side of the wall, and re. placed by insertionv and dropping in place, .so that renewals' may\ be eiected from the wall ace side. f

` 2l. A closed water cooled bounding structure or wall for a furnace chamber consisting of the combination of diierentially operating upper and lower wall areas, with a system of spaced water tubes traversing the upper and\lower areas of the wall, a system of highly refractory and high heat conductive wall blocks covering and protecting the face sides-of the tubes at the lower area of the wall and exposed to the hotter heat in the lower part of the chamber, and the upper wall area having the tubes exposed directly to the lesser heat at the upper part of the chamber, and with a system of high heatl conductive wallvmembers in the upper wall area carried by and contacting the tube system and closing the'spaces between the tubes and arranged to receive heat andconduct itl tothe tubes and the water circulating therein.

22. A furnace wall construction compris# nog ing a system of spaced circulation tubes, and a system ofY high heat conductive wall blocks arranged in. side-by-side as well as superposed relation forming longitudinal and transverse rows and closing thespaces be- W5 "tween such tubes, the tubes and blocks 'presenting a continuous all-metal surface tothe furnace chamber, the blocks being recessed so as to embrace at least a portion of the circumference of the tubes whereby to con- 110 duct to the tubes and .medium circulatnig therein the heat absorbed by such blocks, together with a system of outer backing'or holding members forv the system of blocks, each thereof being of extended dimension, so X18 as to flmction to hold aplurality of such blocks, and clamp means carried by the tube system for drawing the backing members toward the tubes and holding them in place and thereby holding the 'blocks in position 120 against the tubes. y 4 y 23. In a fluid cooled furnace wall, the combination of a series of'spaced-apart circulation tubes near' the face 'side of the wall, a

renewable inner wall face portion compristhe circulating luid, and an outer wall portion including supporting elements by which i said face blocks are engaged and supported in alined relationship, the engagement between the supporting elements and the face blocks being suchthat the face blocks are removable'at the face side of. the wall without dismantling the outer .wall portion.

24. In a fluid cooled furnace wall, the combination of a series of spaced-apart circulation tubes near the inner face of the wall,

a renewable inner wall portion comprising relationship in contact with the tubes, the

said inner wall portion having coupling means extending outwardly through the spaces between the tubes and in engagement with such holding members of the outer wall portion, the enga ement between saidlholdingl members of t e outer wall portion and said coupling means being such that said face blocks may be disconnected and removed and replaced at the inner side` ofthe wall Without dismantling the outer wall portion.

In a fluid cooled furnace wall, the combination of a series of spaced-apart circulation tubes near the face side of the wal1a renewable inner wall face portion comprising highly refractory wall face blocks protectively covering said series of tubes, and

. an\outer wall portion, the said innerwall portion having coupling extensions between the tubes, and the outer wall portion having complementary elements receiving said coupling extensions, in such manner that the face blocks are secured to and may be uncoupled from the outer wall portion and removed and replaced at the face side without dismantling the outer wall ortion.

' 26. -In a ui cooled furnace wall, the com- 1, bination ofa series of spaced-a `art circulasubstantially parallel coolln tu substantially upright spaces etween them, a

tion tubes near the face side o thee wall, a

` renewable inner Wall'face portion comprising'highly refractory wall face blocks protectively covering said series of tubes, andv with coupling extensions-between the tubes, and an outer wall portion includingelements with which the coupling extensions of said face blocks are removabl engaged, each such face block being confine against lifting and uncoupling by the 'face bloekabove it but releasable by displacement of such block above it topermit disengagement from the outer wall portion and removal andreplacement at the face side withoutdisturbing the outer wall portion.

27. A furnace wall comprisin a series of ies forming system of refractory face blocks associated with said tubes contacting and covering the of such extensions being provided with a couf pling, and wall blocks at the outer sides 0f the tubes having^complementary couplings extending inwardlyand engaging with said face block couplings and Contactin against the tubes, thereby securing the face locks to the tubes, and the face block couplings and outer block couplings being respectively constructed for mutual engagement in a manner permitting the face block couplings to be moved out of such engagement, thereb I erto be uncou lied) mitting the face bloc s by access from the' face side of the wall or face removal and replacement of said face blocks. 28. A closed water cooled bounding structure. or wall for a furnace combustion chamber, the same 'comprising a series of water tubes spaced apart with a system of iron members in protecting relation at the inner sides of the tubes, outer wall closing elements and means for confining such outer wall closing elements comprising couplings projecting from-the outer sides o f the tubes and couiplementary. couplings engaging with said" tube (couplings and in confining relation to the outer wall closing elements.

29. A closed water cooled bounding structure or wall for a furnace'combustion chamber consisting ofthe combination of vdifferentially operating upper and lower vwall areas, with a system of spaced water tubes traversing both the upperA and lower areas of the wall; the lower wall area exposed to the hotter heat of the tire and comprising a.l high `heat conductive facing covering and protecting the face sides" of the tubes and operatingto absorb the radiant heat` and y.

transmit it to the tubes and. water therein; and the upper wall area having the tubes directly exposedto the less hot heat of the fire in the upper part of the combustion chamber and comprising a high heat conductive wall portion closing the spaces between the tubes and arranged to absorb radiant heat from the combustion chamber and conduct it to the tubes; said lower facing and upper wall portion beingsupported by the tube system.

30. A closed'water cooled bounding struc- Y ture or wall for a furnace combustion chamber consisting of the combination of .differentially operating upper and lower. wall areas, with a systemiof spaced water tubes traversing the upper and lower areas of the closing the spaces between the tubes and arranged to absorb heat and rapidly conduct it to the tubes; said facing and said metallic portions both being wholly supported by the tube system.

31. A closed Water cooled bounding structure or wall for a furnace combustion chamber consisting of the combination of dierentially operating upper and lower Wall areas, with a system of spaced water tubes traversing the upper and lower areas of the wall, the lower wall area comprising a highly refractory facing closing the spaces between the tubes and protecting the face sides of the tubesfand the upper wall area having the tubes directly exposed to the fire in thel combustion chamber and comprising a highly refractory backing closing the spaces between the tubes, and means welded upon the outer sides of the tubes for holding the highly refractory backing in contact with the tubes.

In testimony whereof, I have a'ixed my signature hereto. A

v WARREN C. DRAKE. 

